so far; up to now; hitherto; that's enough (for today); it ends here
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
mask; disguise; guise; mask
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
courage; bravery; valour; valor; nerve; boldness
to speak; to hear a voice
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to return (something); to restore; to turn over; to turn upside down; to pay back; to retaliate; to respond (with)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
family; members of a family
fairness; impartiality; justice; objectivity
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
counter for articles; counter for military units; individual
to be complete; to be all present; to be equal; to be uniform; to gather; to assemble
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
how; in what way; how about
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
beginning; outset; first; onset
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
suffix for familiar person
cicada; locust; small-sized pulley
cry (esp. animal); roar; chirp; tweet; bark; whine