indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
counter for nights of a stay; overnight stay; lodging
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
opening (a new store, golf course, runway, etc.); open; frank; open (car, collar, tournament, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
bank; banking institution
to be blurred (due to motion; of a photo, video, etc.); to be shaken (of a camera); to waver (in one's beliefs, policy, etc.); to shift (position); to be slightly off
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
search (esp. in criminal investigations); investigation; inquiry; enquiry
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
please (give me); please (do for me)
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
one's father; one's old man; middle-aged (or older) man; old man; one's boss; proprietor (of a restaurant, store, etc.)
capital (esp. Kyoto, Japan's former capital); seat of government; capital (of music, fashion, etc.); city (e.g. of light); location of the Imperial Palace
connection (to a person, place, etc.); relation; affinity
United Kingdom; Britain; English (language)
Kamen Rider (TV series, the titular character)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing