indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
drive; trip by car; to (go for a) drive; to go on a trip by car; to drive (e.g. a car); to drive (innovation, change, etc.)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
(one's) older sister; (one's) elder sister; girl
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
counter for nights of a stay; overnight stay; lodging
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
fiercely fought contest; close game (match, race, etc.); dead heat
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...