indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to fall into (someone's) hands; to fall under someone's control; to become someone's property (e.g. of an object)
mountain stream; valley; dale; wetlands; swamp; marsh
sprout; shoot; bud; germinal disk (in an egg)
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
to be tied together; to be connected to; to lead to; to be related to; to be related (by blood)
route; path; channel (e.g. sales, distribution)
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
blockade; lockdown; sealing off (an area); freezing (funds)
being isolated and helpless; fighting (struggling) alone and unassisted
state of affairs (around you); situation; circumstances
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
(one's) whereabouts; destination; where one is headed; outcome; course (of events); future
alone; by oneself; on one's own
to go out; to go around; to walk about; to roam
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to collect; to gather; to save; to accumulate; to pile up
middle-aged man; Buddhist priest
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
different person; another person; someone else; changed man
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
madness; insanity; irregularity; deviation; fanaticism; fanatic
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
suitable; proper; appropriate; perfunctory; half-minded; sloppy
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
amateur; layman; respectable woman (i.e. not a prostitute, hostess, geisha); (arch.) unlicensed prostitute