indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
fruit; nut; berry; fruits; profit
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to taste; to eat; to drink; to speak (of); to refer (to); to say
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
secret; secrecy; mystery; secret (e.g. to success); esoteric teachings
materials; data; document
discovery; detection; finding
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to be reflected; to harmonize with (harmonise); to come out (photo); to be projected; to be displayed (on a screen)
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be caught; to be arrested; to hold on to; to grasp; to find (e.g. proof); to get (e.g. a taxi)
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)
imitating; copying; mimicry; behavior; behaviour; action
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to finish; to end; to merely result in something less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
in this way; thus; such; uh...
you (plural); all of you; you all
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to calm down; to compose oneself; to calm down; to settle down; to settle down (in a location, job, etc.); to settle in; to be settled
to have a talk; to tell a story
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
there's no (other) way; cannot be helped; unavoidable; it's no use (doing); pointless; hopeless (person)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do