morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
a long time (since the last time); first in a long time
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
look!; look out!; hey!; look at me!; there you are!
Koga Masao (1904.11.18-1978.7.25)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
mark; symbol; to mark; to put a mark on; trademark; paying attention to; focusing on
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
hmm; well ...; humph; roughly; harshly; violently
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
strange; weird; wonder; mystery; cleverness; adroitness
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
no!; no no!; no, not at all
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to sit; to squat; to assume (a position); to hold steady; to hold still
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
please (give me); please (do for me)
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
old; aged; long; since long ago; of the distant past; long-ago
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
material (for a story, article, etc.); information; joke; jest; proof; evidence; (magician's) trick
young; youthful; immature; green; low (number); small
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
to train; to teach; to acquire (information); to learn; to stock; to stock up on
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to speak with an accent; to be corrupted (of word); to mispronounce
art; craft; accomplishment; artistic skill; technique; performance
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)