indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
time; hour; period; class
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to spill; to drop; to grumble; to complain; to let one's feelings show
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
beyond this point; from now on; after this
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
to kick; to refuse; to reject; to stamp (on the ground); to firmly press one's feet (against something)
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
metamorphosis; disguise; transformation; shapeshifting; morphing
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
not less than; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; above-mentioned; aforementioned
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
adds force or indicates command
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
(some) more; even more; longer; further
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
railway station; train station; staging post on a highway (in pre-modern Japan); counter for railway stations and bus stations
the past; bygone days; one's past (that one would prefer remained secret); past (tense); preterit; previous life
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
the future (usually distant); future tense; the world to come
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
practice; training; drill; (an) exercise; workout
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...