indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
horn; alarm; whistle; foghorn
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
whether or not (in phrases like "I don't know whether or not I can come")
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
fishing; angling; change (for a purchase); clickbaiting; trolling; writing deliberately inflammatory posts online
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
(I) will; (I) shall; let's; (I) wonder (if); might it be (that); hey
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
about to start out; just about to leave or go out; outing; trip
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
it is, isn't it?; I know, right?; innit?
so much; so often; oh, yes!; that's it; that's right; quite
that's the way it is; such is life
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
together; at the same time; same; identical
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
to address (someone) without using a suffix such as "-san" or "-chan"; to refer to (someone) without a title suffix
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
youngster; boy; young Buddhist monk; young bonze; young shop-boy; errand boy
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
anyhow; at any rate; anyway; somehow or other; generally speaking; in any case
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
all together now!; one, two, go!; ready, set, go!; heave, ho!; oops-a-daisy
to match (rhythm, speed, etc.); to join together; to unite; to face; to be opposite (someone); to compare; to check with
in the company of; accompanied by ...; as a group comprising ...; likes of ...
all together now!; one, two, go!; ready, set, go!; heave, ho!; oops-a-daisy
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!