jpdb beta

indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

63

indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)

40

indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

34

indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis

29

at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for

24

be; is; did; (have) done; please; do

19

ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah

17

you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)

16

I; me

15

hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo

13

phantom; vision; illusion; extremely rare item

13

Kamen Rider (TV series, the titular character)

12

ah; oh; hey!

11

the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...

10

yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh

10

virtue; benevolence; profit; benefit

10

don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...

9

force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort

9

at; in; at; when; by; with; and then

8

indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very

8

now; soon; already; yet; further; more

8

thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work

7

that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...

6

this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence

6

to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage

6

then; well; so; be; is

6

Earth; the globe

6

hurrah!; long life; congratulations; full vent

6

if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question

5

this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")

5

people; men and women; each person; everybody

5

black hole

5

to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding

4

nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible

4

Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker

4

to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)

4

seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!

4

to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk

4

good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result

4

adds force or indicates command

4

but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that

4

to become; to amount to

4

country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)

4

one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start

4

sea; ocean; waters

4

we; us

4

yikes; oops; eep; wow

4

energy; energy; strength; energy source; energy resource; food energy

4

to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till

4

(shout of) encouragement; cheering; rooting; support

4