indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
domination; rule; direction; management; control (e.g. over one's emotions); determining (e.g. one's fate)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come alive; to get going; to start to move
devil; demon; Satan; the Devil; Māra; evil spirits or forces that hinder one's path to enlightenment
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
Kamen Rider (TV series, the titular character)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to collect; to assemble; to gather
to examine; to look up; to investigate; to check up; to sense; to study
to face; to go towards; to head towards
ice house; ice room; cold room
phantom; vision; illusion; extremely rare item
virtue; benevolence; profit; benefit
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
thank you; thanks; much (thanks); very (sorry); quite; really; somehow
treatment; service; handling (of a machine, tool, etc.); operation; treating as; treating like
funny; amusing; strange; odd; improper; unsuitable
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
at last; finally; barely; narrowly; just
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
alone; by oneself; on one's own
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
bell pepper; green pepper; pimiento; pimento; capsicum
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
light; illumination; glow; lamp; light
have to (verb); must (verb); is indispensable; absolutely necessary
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)