indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to greedily try to win big (e.g. in mahjong); to swipe; to nick; to pilfer
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
elegance; dandyism; sophistication; affectation; showing off; putting on an air
ankh; Egyptian hieroglyphic symbol for life
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
suffix for familiar person
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
(some) more; even more; longer; further
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
revival (e.g. musical); come-back; restoration; rebirth; resurrection
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing