so far; up to now; hitherto; that's enough (for today); it ends here
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
mask; disguise; guise; mask
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
not yet known; unknown; strange
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
three flat objects (sheets of paper, pieces of cloth, etc.)
purple; violet; purple gromwell (Lithospermum erythrorhizon); red gromwell; soy sauce
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to go into; to come into; to penetrate; to become complicated
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
barely; narrowly; only just; with difficulty
acting rashly; running wildly; runaway (process); reckless baserunning
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to keep within limits (e.g. spending); to restrain (e.g. emotions); to control; to hold back (e.g. an enemy); to check; to curb
voice; speech; phone (as opposed to a phoneme); speech sound; audio; sound (as opposed to the picture)
with a gulp; gulping down (e.g. by a baby); swallowing
clapping hands; applause; clapping one's hands in prayer (at a shrine)
leading a meeting; presiding over a meeting; officiating at a ceremony; chairman; presenter; host
number; number plate; license plate
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
work (e.g. book, film, painting, composition); piece; production; opus
lower back; waist; hips; body (of hair, noodles, paper, etc.); resilience; spring
below; down; bottom; beneath; underneath; just after; right after
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
in spite of; despite; although; regardless of; irrespective of
to wear (clothes) stylishly; to dress oneself stylishly
jockey's racing uniform; one's best clothes (esp. for women), normally put aside for important meetings, dates, etc.
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
first place (in a race); first to arrive; one suit (of clothes); one item (of clothing); putting on (formal clothes); wearing
Shiraishi Chiyo (1987.5.6-)
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young woman; young (animal); offshoot