indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
myself; yourself; I; me; you
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
(sound of a) gunshot; (gun) report
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
father; dad; husband; you; he
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
justice; right; righteousness; correct meaning; correct explanation
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
adds force or indicates command
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
voice; speech; sound of a voice; sound (e.g. of a TV)
elegance; dandyism; sophistication; affectation; showing off; putting on an air
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn