indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
now; the present time; just now; another; more
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
ankh; Egyptian hieroglyphic symbol for life
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
(police) detective; criminal matter
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to lay across; to build across; to hand over; to hand in
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
metamorphosis; disguise; transformation; shapeshifting; morphing
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen