indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
gang assault; mob violence; gang rape
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
search (esp. in criminal investigations); investigation; inquiry; enquiry
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
being in charge (of an area of responsibility); being responsible (for a work role, etc.)
older brother; elder brother
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be affected; to be influenced; to be concerned with; to have to do with; to stick to (opinions)
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
big gamble; big plunge; big mountain
to leak out (a secret); to be exposed (a lie, improper behaviour, etc.); to be found out; to get away (of fish)
number one; first; best; most; game; round
to be troubled; to have difficulty; to be bothered; to be inconvenienced; to be badly off; to be hard up
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
indication; denotation; designation; instructions; directions
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to obey (an order, law, etc.); to abide by (a rule, custom, etc.); to follow (a person); to accompany; to go alongside (e.g. a river); to follow (e.g. a sign)
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
to examine; to look up; to investigate; to check up; to sense; to study
danger; peril; hazard; risk
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
truth; reality; truly; really; absolute truth
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
elder brother; one's senior; older man; man older than oneself
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
to go through; to suffer; to experience (something unpleasant)
subsection head; assistant manager; chief clerk
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
what's the matter?; what's wrong?
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily