indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
murder; homicide; manslaughter
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to commit (e.g. crime); to perpetrate; to break (e.g. rule); to violate; to rape; to violate
investigator (usu. of criminal cases)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
to be sacrificed; to fall victim to; to fall prey to
big gamble; big plunge; big mountain
meeting (face-to-face); seeing; visit; interview
refusal; rejection; denial; veto
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
one's own convenience; one's way; surroundings; environment; convenience; ease of use; financial circumstances
white stone; white (go pieces)
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to steal; to plagiarize; to steal (a technique, idea, etc.); to do stealthily; to do during scant time; to steal a base
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
please (give me); please (do for me)
definite; final; decisive; conclusive
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
to make a mistake (in); to commit an error (e.g. in calculation); to confuse; to mistake something for something else
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
victim; injured party; sufferer
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
myself; yourself; I; me; you
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
preference; priority; precedence
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)