yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
summer vacation; summer holiday
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
plans; arrangement; schedule; program; programme; expectation
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
with; by; because of; on account of; on (a day, date); at (a time); adds emphasis to preceding word
it does not mean that ...; I don't mean that ...; it is not the case that
father; dad; husband; you (of an elderly person older than the speaker); he
(rubbing) salt in the wound
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to paint; to spread; to plaster; to apply (cream, lotion); to smear; to lacquer
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
somewhere; in some respects; in some way
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
to be given the cold shoulder; to be jilted; to be rejected; to be dumped
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to part (usu. of people); to part from; to separate (of a couple); to break up; to lose (e.g. one's mother); to be bereaved
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to doubt; to distrust; to be suspicious of; to suspect
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it; I mean
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
counter for (small) things or pieces; counter for military units; (an) individual; one person; counter for years (of age difference); counter for school-years
above; over; top; summit; surface; on (top of); the above (in a piece of writing)
public employee; government employee; public-sector worker; public servant; civil servant