to summon; to call (e.g. phone); to convene; to invoke (e.g. subroutine); to call; to open (e.g. a file)
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
spoken instructions (over the phone, etc.); voice assist; spoken directions
number (in a series); (one's) turn; watch; guard; rank; standing; bout
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
card (information, filing, etc.); card (greetings, congratulations, etc.); (Western) playing cards; credit card; debit card; match; game
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
guest; visitor; customer; client; shopper
number one; first; best; most; game; round
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
drawer; withdrawal (of money from an account); variety of knowledge and experience useful for handling things impromptu
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to look after; to take care of; to be put in charge of; to be given responsibility for; to withhold (an announcement); to reserve (judgment)
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
I'm sorry; (it's) inexcusable; thank you very much (for help, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
discourtesy; impoliteness; excuse me; goodbye; to leave; to be rude
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
to be (in contrast to something that is not the case)
painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing; exceeding
story; tale; talk; discussion
to ask; to inquire; to implore (a god for an oracle); to seek direction (from your superior); to visit; to speak to (a large crowd at a theatre, etc.)
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)