indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
your Highness; his Highness; her Highness
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
prince; subordinate Kumano shrine
emperor (of Japan); mikado
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
Your Majesty; His Majesty; Her Majesty
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
people; citizens; subjects; folk
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
to hurry; to rush; to hasten; to make something happen sooner
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
master; teacher; stable master
Metropolis (of Tokyo); (Tokyo) Metropolitan District; counter for cities and towns; capital