Tenpō era (1830.12.10-1844.12.2)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
first of the season (e.g. produce, catch); virgin
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
trade; buying and selling; trafficking (e.g. of humans, arms, drugs); dealing
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
official notice; Edo-period proclamation issued by the shogunate (or a daimyo, etc.) usu. to the general populace
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
eggplant (Solanum melongena); aubergine
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
how much; something over; and something; however (much); no matter how
contraband; taboo; strictly forbidden
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
to build up; to establish; to form; to become (a state); to accomplish; to achieve; to change into
to stray from the right path; to go wrong; to go off the rails; to turn delinquent
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
Edo (shogunate capital, now Tokyo); Yedo
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
(practice of) simplicity and frugality; scrimping and saving
enforcement of official discipline; tightening of discipline; eliminating corruption among government officials
forcing; enforcement; forced; enforced
reform; reformation; reorganization
storm; tempest; uproar; hullabaloo; storm (e.g. of protest)
to blow violently; to sweep over; to devastate
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
honorific/polite/humble prefix
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
economical; bargain; good value; good-value
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
store; shop; establishment; restaurant
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects