Tenpō era (1830.12.10-1844.12.2)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
counter for generations; epoch
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Tempo Reforms (series of government measures, 1841-1843 CE)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
right in the middle (of); midst; height
(my) wife; inside the home; one's family
harmonious; peaceful; happy; amicable; smooth; free from trouble
sunset; sundown; end; close; year-end; end of the year
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
slightly good luck (as a fortune telling result)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
disposal; throwing away; dealing with (a problem); measure; punishment; penalty
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
detached building; solitary house; room detached from main house; separation from; loss of interest in; independence of
shogunal vassal; direct retainer of a shogun
residence; estate; grounds; premises; mansion
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to live; to get along; to spend (time)
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
Glory to the Sutra; Hail Lotus Sutra
tatami room; tatami mat room; formal Japanese room; dinner party in a tatami room (esp. when a geisha or maiko attends)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
living room (Japanese-style)
kitchen; financial situation
all that one has; all that there is; the whole
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
dwelling; house; residence; living; life
two persons; two people; pair; couple
feces (esp. animal); excrement; dung
to take a step backward; to step back (i.e. to re-think something); to distance oneself (from); to behave humbly; to budge (a little); to make one concession