indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Edo (shogunate capital, now Tokyo); Yedo
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to be disconnected; to get out of place; to miss the mark; to get it wrong (e.g. guess, expectation); to be removed; to be excluded
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
townhouse (i.e. house in the middle of a town); traditional townhouse; tradesman's house (esp. a home with a shop in front); merchant's house; merchant's family
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to stand side by side; to stand in a row
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
(my) wife; inside the home; one's family
harmonious; peaceful; happy; amicable; smooth; free from trouble
for generations; hereditary; generation after generation
the House of Tokugawa; the Tokugawas
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to serve; to work for; to attend
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
immediate follower (of the shogun)
social standing of a family; lineage; parentage; good family
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
son-in-law taken (adopted) into family
slightly good luck (as a fortune telling result)
(not) even once; (not) ever
to take (seat, position, course, office, etc.); to assume; to ascend (the throne); to accede; to start (on a journey); to commence
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
retirement (from work); leading a quiet life (after retirement); retired person; retiree; surrendering headship of the family (pre-WWII)
body; oneself; one's place; one's position; main part; meat (as opposed to bone, skin, etc.)
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
tune; tone; vein; mood; condition; state of health
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
father (esp. used in samurai families prior to the Meiji period)
heir; successor; family estate; family fortune; headship of a family
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.