here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Edo (shogunate capital, now Tokyo); Yedo
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to be disconnected; to get out of place; to miss the mark; to get it wrong (e.g. guess, expectation); to be removed; to be excluded
rate; ratio; profit; assignment; 10%; unit of ten percent; match
drainage; ditch; gutter; sewage; black water
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
townhouse (i.e. house in the middle of a town); traditional townhouse; tradesman's house (esp. a home with a shop in front); merchant's house; merchant's family
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to stand side by side; to stand in a row
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
(my) wife; inside the home; one's family
harmonious; peaceful; happy; amicable; smooth; free from trouble
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
ancestral; hereditary; generation after generation; passing from father to son
a family; a household; (one's own) style; school; gang; (yakuza) family
family; clan; sect; school; group of related sumo stables
Glory to the Sutra; Hail Lotus Sutra
for generations; hereditary; generation after generation
the House of Tokugawa; the Tokugawas
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to serve; to work for; to attend
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
immediate follower (of the shogun)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
Tenshō era (1573.7.28-1592.12.8)
head; chief; merit; strong point; superiority; major
thin-culmed dwarf bamboo (growing in clusters); Japanese transverse bamboo flute (high-pitched; usu. with seven holes); sliver (strand of loose fibers)
battle; fight; fighting; engagement; contest
opportunity; chance; folding; fold; small food box (wooden or cardboard); folding in ... (two, three, etc.); counter for folded items
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
great achievement; glorious deed; (gaining) fame; (earning) distinction
achievement; feat; meritorious deed; distinguished service
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to show someone (into a room)
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
to be handed down; to be introduced; to be transmitted; to be circulated; to go along; to walk along