heavenly voice; off the record instructions; influential person's opinion; powerful person's verdict
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (China, 9-23 CE)
work; business; company; study
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
one day; (on) a certain day
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
real estate world; property market
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
common sense; good sense; common knowledge; general knowledge; common practice; accepted practice
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
in succession; one by one
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to break; to smash; to defeat; to destroy; to eliminate
honorific/polite/humble prefix
guest; visitor; customer; client; counter for containers used to entertain guests
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
pardon; forgiveness; tolerance; leniency; mercy; going easy (on someone)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
in comparison to; rather than
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
a lot; lots; enough; sufficient; enough; too many
to turn up; to roll up (e.g. sleeves); to do over and over again; to do relentlessly; to stage a comeback (against) (in mahjong, horse racing, etc.); to come from behind
company; corporation; workplace
to leave; to go away; to pass; to elapse; to be distant; to send away; to drive off
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so