heavenly voice; off the record instructions; influential person's opinion; powerful person's verdict
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (of China; 9-23 CE)
work; business; company; study
counter for places (offices, facilities, stations)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
one day; (on) a certain day
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
to sell; to betray; to sell out (one's friend, country, etc.); to make (oneself) known; to establish (a reputation) for oneself; to pick (a fight, quarrel, etc.)
woman; female; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
real estate world; property market
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
common sense; good sense; common knowledge; general knowledge; common practice; accepted practice
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
in succession; one by one
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to break; to smash; to defeat; to destroy; to eliminate
honorific/polite/humble prefix
guest; visitor; customer; client; counter for containers used to entertain guests
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
pardon; forgiveness; tolerance; leniency; mercy; going easy (on someone)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
than; in comparison to; rather than; over; above
fast; quick; early; soon; premature; too soon
a lot; lots; enough; sufficient; enough; too many
to turn up; to roll up (e.g. sleeves); to do over and over again; to do relentlessly; to stage a comeback (against) (in mahjong, horse racing, etc.); to come from behind
company; corporation; firm; one's workplace
to leave; to go away; to pass; to elapse; to be distant; to send away; to drive off
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so