echo; reverberation; sound (esp. the distinctive sound of an object or activity, e.g. rain, gun, gallop, drum); noise; quality of a sound (e.g. a fine phrase, clear voice, resonant bell); feeling of a sound
he; she; that person; (arch.) you
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
illness (usu. excluding minor ailments, e.g. common cold); disease; bad habit; bad behaviour; crazy; insane
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
-ical; -ive; -like; -ish; (something) like; along the lines of
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
observation; survey; watching
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to lay across; to build across; to hand over; to hand in
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
suffix for familiar person
to take back; to recapture
all members; all hands; everyone; everybody; whole crew
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
so to speak; so to call it; as it were