to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
meaning; significance; sense
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
entering; setting (of the Sun); containing; content; income; beginning
to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
to joke; to jest; to make fun of; to laugh at; to romp; to gambol
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
such (about the actions of the listener, or about ideas expressed or understood by the listener); like that; that sort of
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
unexpectedly; unusually; considering all that
very interesting; of absorbing interest; having a keen interest (in); being immensely curious (about)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
idiot; moron; trivial matter; folly; stupid; foolish
first-person plural (or singular); second or third person plural (implies speaker is of higher status than those referred to)
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
to come and see (someone, something); to visit
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
the other day; lately; recently; meanwhile; in the meantime
bet; wager; stake; gamble
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
lodging together; training camp; boarding house
participation; joining; entry; adherence
promise; agreement; convention; rule; destiny; fate
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to accept; to receive; to agree
but; however; provided that
chair; stool; post; office; position
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
myself; yourself; I; me; you
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to shoulder; to carry on one's shoulder; to nominate for a position; to choose as a representative; to take (someone) for a ride; to deceive
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become