woman; female; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
regrettable; unfortunate; disappointing; vexing
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
present (e.g. government, administration); current; existing
horse; horse racing; promoted bishop; knight (court card in mekuri karuta and unsun karuta)
lie; fib; mistake; error; unwise move; bad decision
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
collision; crash; impact; clash; skirmish; conflict
sound; noise; (speech) sound; Chinese-derived reading of a kanji
sound of a gunshot; report of a gun
weak person; the weak; vulnerable person; disadvantaged person
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to get close; to cuddle close together; to nestle close to; to snuggle up to
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
please; if you would; somehow or other; one way or another; whether (or not); if
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
change of government; regime change
to accomplish; to achieve; to complete; to carry out; to carry through
please (give me); please (do for me)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
hope; wish; aspiration; (bright) prospects; expectation
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
(distant) future; future existence; world beyond the grave; future (tense)
together (with); at the same time; in one lump; in the same category
to take back; to get back; to regain; to recover; to restore; to recoup
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
all; entire; whole; altogether
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted