present (e.g. government, administration); current; existing
horse; horse racing; promoted bishop
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
to doubt; to distrust; to be suspicious of; to suspect
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to finish; to end; to merely result in something less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
skilfulness; skillfulness; cleverness
squad leader; group leader; team leader
dismissal (from a post); discharge; removal
demand; firm request; requisition; requirement; desire
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
exit; gateway; way out; outlet; vent; leak
to harden; to freeze; to put together; to collect; to make secure; to stabilize; to fortify
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to stop (moving); to come to a stop; to stop (doing, working, being supplied); to come to a halt; to alight; to perch on
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
arrest; apprehension; capture
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
young; youthful; immature; green; low (number); small
girl; daughter; baby girl; young woman
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to hit (e.g. to have a car hit someone); to run into; to reject; to deny; to eliminate; to exclude; to flip
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
to shoot (at); to attack; to defeat; to destroy
(sound of a) gunshot; (gun) report
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
source of information; intelligence source; message source
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
state (US, Australia, India, Germany, etc.); province (e.g. Canada); continent; (arch.) dear
mallow (any plant of family Malvaceae); Asarum caulescens (species of wild ginger); hollyhock
myself; yourself; I; me; you