at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to grow hot (e.g. water); to boil; to get excited (at); to erupt (in applause, cheering, etc.); to ferment; to melt (of metal)
launching; launch; end (of a theatrical run, etc.); closing party (e.g. a theater show); cast party
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
achievements; actual results; accomplishments; past results; track record
by means of; due to; because of; according to
big; large; drastic; full-width cloth (approx. 72 cm wide for traditional Japanese clothing; approx. 140 cm wide for Western clothing)
achievement; performance; results; work; contribution
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to grow long (e.g. hair, nails); to lengthen; to extend; to reach out; to hold out; to straighten; to smooth out
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
to give one's name; to introduce oneself; to announce one's candidacy
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
person's origin (e.g. city, country, parentage, school)
company president; manager; director
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
business; task; use; purpose; for the use of ...; used for ...
use; adoption; acceptance; appointment; employment; engagement
form (as opposed to substance); formality; method; system; format; mode
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to tell; to inform; to announce; to indicate; to signal; to mark
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
one (esp. of two); the other; on the one hand; on the other hand; whereas; although
major company; big company; front castle gate; force attacking the front of a castle
precision equipment; delicate equipment
special; particular; peculiar; unique
trial product; prototype model
accepting an order; receiving an order; orders received
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
professor; teaching; instruction
development; exploitation
to aim at (for, to do, to become); to try for; to have an eye on; to go toward; to head for