valvular heart disease; heart valve disease
woman in STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics); female scientist
medium-sized enterprise (business, firm)
fixed cost; fixed expense
artificial valve; artificial heart valve
manufacturing; craftsmanship; making things by hand
entirely domestically produced; 100% domestically made
personal funds; one's own money; self-funding
cosmo-chemistry; space science
chicken, goose and pheasant; (arch.) cuckoo, Japanese bush warbler and wagtail
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry; METI
reoperation; repeat surgery; second surgery; surgical revision
feudal lord; (arch.) mansion; (arch.) palace
written order; order form
plain; field; hidden (structural) member; wild; lacking a political post
financials; on the funding (capital) side
experiments using animals; in-vivo testing; animal testing
clinical study; clinical trial
medical apparatus; medical instruments
improved version; variant (of a pathogen)
dropping; unloading; grated vegetables, fruit, etc.; grater; using new tools (or clothes, etc.); new tools (or clothes, etc.)
desire for improvement (in social standing, etc.); ambition to rise in the world
being greatly in the red; taking a big loss; heavy deficit
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
sales pitch; sales lure; catchphrase
expansion and contraction; elasticity; flexibility