year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
new type; new style; new model; new strain (e.g. infectious disease)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to launch; to shoot up; (of waves) to dash; to wash up (ashore); to finish (e.g. a theater run, sumo tournament); to close
failure; mistake; blunder
to take responsibility (for a fallout); to accept the blame; to take the blame
cosmo-chemistry; space science
development; exploitation
mechanism; organization; organisation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
company president; manager; director
company; corporation; workplace
even more; still more; further
growth; development; growing up; growth (of a company, the economy, etc.)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
large (amount of money); huge; hefty; expensive
to throw; to cast (e.g. vote, light, shadow); to devote oneself (e.g. to a cause); to invest; to put in; to administer (medicine); to give
research and development; R&D
division (of a larger group); branch; field; class (subclass); group; category
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to concentrate one's effort (on something)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
by means of; due to; because of; according to
acquisition; obtaining; gaining possession; purchase
patent; special permission; licence (license); proprietary
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
profit; gains; benefit; advantage; grace (of God, Buddha, etc.) (esp. as attained through rightful actions, prayer, adherence to one's faith, etc.); blessing
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
manufactured goods; finished goods; product
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!