indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
cry (esp. animal); roar; chirp; tweet; bark; whine
recollection; retrospection; reflection; reminiscence
to catch fire (of charcoal); to start burning; to burn away; to burn merrily
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
injury; wound; mistake; accident; loss
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to cause trouble (for someone); to annoy; to bother; to inconvenience
coming out; emerging; being born into (a certain family); being a native of (a particular place)
slow; time-consuming; late (in the day); towards the end (of the day or night); later (than expected or usual); late
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
honorific/polite/humble prefix
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
dimly; faintly; absentmindedly; vacantly; idly; aimlessly
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
I'm sorry; (it's) inexcusable; thank you very much (for help, etc.)
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
guest; visitor; customer; client; shopper
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
(United States of) America; USA
manjū; steamed yeast bun with filling
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to take; to carry (something) away; to bear
to give; to offer; to lift up; to hold up; to raise
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
unthinkable; unexpected; absolutely not!; far from it!; (it was) no bother at all; not at all
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
spirit; mind; nature; disposition; motivation; intention
opportunity; occasion; (arch.) order; (arch.) sequence; (arch.) successor
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few