(one's) inner voice; voice of one's heart; what one really thinks
koto (13-stringed Japanese zither); (arch.) stringed instrument
something broad and flat; common; ordinary; low-ranking employee; freshman
court music pavilion in a Shinto shrine; kagura hall
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
than; from; out of; except; but; more
barrier; gate; seki (in go); mutual life
last (i.e. immediately preceding); previous; pre- (e.g. premodern); before; before; earlier
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to go; to come; to be defeated; to collapse; to be annoyed; to be nonplussed
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
cry (esp. animal); roar; chirp; tweet; bark; whine
rough; crude; sloppy; miscellaneous
congratulation; celebration
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to plan; to attempt; to plot; to conspire; to aim for; to strive for
decisive battle; deciding match; play-off
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
far; distant; distant (past); remote (in time); distant (relationship or kinship); having little to do (with someone); far (from something else in quality, degree, etc.)
state (US, Australia, India, Germany, etc.); province (e.g. Canada); continent; (arch.) dear
one's nature; one's destiny; custom; tradition; habit
good (quality, condition, etc.); Good (grade); B
certainly; surely; definitely
to knock down; to shoot down; to lop off
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
Etchū (former province located in present-day Toyama Prefecture)
Toyama (city, prefecture)
medicine; pharmaceuticals; efficacious chemical (gunpowder, pesticide, etc.); (pottery) glaze; (illegal) drug; narcotic
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to be accustomed to traveling (travelling)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)