year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
not less than; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; above-mentioned; aforementioned
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
to build up; to complete; to construct; to make up; to fabricate; to invent
cherry tree; cherry blossom; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder; horse meat
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
each time; every time; whenever (something happens); on the occasion of
family; members of a family
bonds (between people); (emotional) ties; relationship; tether; fetters
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to deepen; to heighten; to intensify
Bungo (former province located in present-day Ōita Prefecture)
barrier; gate; seki (in go); mutual life
last (i.e. immediately preceding); previous; pre- (e.g. premodern); before; before; earlier
nobleman; dignitary; feudal lord (of the Edo period); daimyō; man brought up away from the world; arrogant man with little knowledge of the ways of the world
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
certain; one; (arch.) I; (arch.) me
to cut up; to cleave; to spare (time, money, etc.); to use part of something; (arch.) to have a tattoo in the corner of one's eye
eel (esp. the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica)
loach or eel dipped and broiled in soy-based sauce
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
order (from one's superior); command; what you say; (someone's) words
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
he; she; that person; that; that one; that thing
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
incredible; unbelievable; terrific; impressive
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
master; boss; stable master; craftsman; artisan; (arch.) foster parent
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
tongue; tongue-like object; clapper (of a bell); talon (of a lock)
to grow fat; to gain weight; to grow fertile; to be refined (palate); to be discerning (eye, ear); to become rich
serious; earnest; real sword (as opposed to a wooden practice weapon)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to burn; to roast; to broil; to heat; to heat up; to make (charcoal, pottery, bricks, etc.); to bake
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
goddamn idiot; moron; nitwit
tenement house; row house
to eat; to live; to make a living; to bite; to sting (as insects do); to tease; to torment