indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
children's shelter; shelter for abused and neglected children
hummingbird (Trochilidae family)
circumstances; conditions; situation; reasons; state of affairs
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
parent; parents; dealer (in cards, mahjong, etc.); banker; founder; inventor; (pet) owner
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to live; to get along; to spend (time)
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
willingly; voluntarily; on one's own accord
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
comfort (in living place)
splendid; nice; sufficient; fine (in the sense of "I'm fine"); well enough; OK
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
cherry tree; cherry blossom; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder; horse meat
delicious; tasty; sweet; attractive; appealing; convenient
may (it) be so; please let (it) happen
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
cooked rice; meal; food; one's living; livelihood
skillful; skilful; delicious; appetizing; fortunate; splendid
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
particularly; especially; in particular; expressly
oyakodon; chicken and egg on rice; threesome including a mother and her daughter
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
slowly; unhurriedly; easily (e.g. in time); well; well (e.g. sleep); comfortably
to speak distinctly; to speak clearly; to put it bluntly; to get to the point; to be frank
paradise; heaven; Kingdom of Heaven
serious; not joking; straight
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise