cicada; locust; small-sized pulley
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
cry (esp. animal); roar; chirp; tweet; bark; whine
pupil; student; schoolchild
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
speaking voice; talking voice
good luck; fortune; happiness; harvest; yield
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
provision of lunch (e.g. at office, school, etc.); providing a meal; lunch service
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
exaggeration; overstatement; saying too much; misstatement; slip of the tongue; gaffe
because; the reason is; if you want to know why
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
bad (taste); unpalatable; poor; unskillful; ugly; unattractive
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
one day; all day (long); throughout the day; first day of the month
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
fullness; completion; enhancement; improvement; replenishment; repletion
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
(not) ever; (not) by any means; (not) in the least; (not) in any way; (not) at all
circumference; girth; surroundings; neighbourhood; people surrounding oneself; surrounding circumstances
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
not less than; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; above-mentioned; aforementioned
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to look forward to something
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
dignity; majesty; solemnity; gravity