to stop (moving); to come to a stop; to stop (doing, working, being supplied); to come to a halt; to alight; to perch on
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
to advance; to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to improve; to deepen
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
taking on (a challenge); attempt; try; tackling; challenging (someone to a contest)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
moving (dwelling, office, etc.); changing residence
indicates uncertainty or second hand nature of information quoted
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to live; to get along; to spend (time)
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to feel; to sense; to experience
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
junior high school student; middle school pupil
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
narrow; confined; small; limited; narrow-minded; confining
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
various; all sorts of; variety of; (arch.) various colors (colours)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
to associate with; to keep company with; to go out with; to go along with; to follow someone's lead; to accompany someone
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very