benevolence (esp. as a virtue of Confucianism); consideration; human; kernel; nucleolus
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
splendid horse; promoted bishop
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
(distant) future; future existence; world beyond the grave; future (tense)
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
sometime; someday; one day; some time or other; the other day; in due course
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
one's superior; higher-up; boss; senior
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to be open (to traffic); to lead (to); to flow (of a liquid, current, etc.); to pass (through); to be conveyed (of an intention, meaning, etc.); to be understood (by); to be well versed (in)
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
pluralizing suffix; or so; rough indicator of direction, location, amount, etc.; nominalizing suffix
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to work out a plan of deception; to scheme; (arch.) to think up a plan; (arch.) to think over a plan; (arch.) to discuss; (arch.) to consult
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
tachibana orange (Citrus tachibana)
reason; cause; meaning; sense; (good) sense; reason
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to be; to come; to go; to be (doing)
incompetent; have no merit
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
imperial capital (esp. Kyoto); final word of an iroha poem; 10^16; 10,000,000,000,000,000
to ascend; to go up; to ascend (as a natural process, e.g. the Sun); to rise; to go to (the capital); to be promoted; to add up to
management; dealing with; course of events; circumstances; end result (usu. bad); outcome
you (when referring to one's equals or inferiors)
(another person's) younger sister
friend; companion; comrade; accompaniment; companion (e.g. book); complement
temple; shrine; hall; company; (arch.) front room
liking something; being partial to something; -phile
to be (animate); to be; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed; to (have the audacity to) do
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
medicine; the healing art; healing; doctor