sagacity; wisdom; intelligence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
piece; slice; cloth; sharpness; agility; counter for scraps, pieces, etc.
sentence; composition; text; the literary arts (as opposed to the military arts); academia; statement
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to take; to carry (something) away; to bear
adds force or indicates command
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
to be needed; to be wanted
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
look!; look out!; hey!; look at me!; there you are!
strange; odd; peculiar; queer; curious
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
when one was a very young child; very early in one's life
to cry; to weep; to sob; to howl
piece (in shogi, chess, etc.); (arch.) horse; (arch.) foal; bridge (of a violin, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
will; probably; may; I think; surely; I hope
six; six years of age; six o'clock (old time system)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
seven; seven years of age; four o'clock (old time system)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
from the standpoint of; as a matter of (e.g. fact); aboard (a ship or vehicle); on top of; first volume (e.g. book); superior quality; best
delicious; tasty; sweet; attractive; appealing; convenient
soaking in honey; soaking in syrup; nuts, fruit, etc. soaked in honey or syrup
Japanese chestnut (Castanea crenata)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to serve (in a bowl, on a plate, etc.); to dish out; to pile up; to heap up; to administer (medicine, poison); to dose out; to put into (e.g. information in a report, meaning in a statement)