indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to shelter (e.g. a fugitive); to harbour; to harbor; to hide; to give refuge to
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
war; battle; campaign; (arch.) troops; (arch.) forces
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be affected; to be influenced; to be concerned with; to have to do with; to stick to (opinions)
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
sagacity; wisdom; intelligence
in short; in brief; to sum up; ultimately; in the end; in the long run
gold (Au); golden (color); valuable; of highest value; money; gold coin; Friday
to be (in contrast to something that is not the case)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to shoot (at); to attack; to defeat; to destroy
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to lend; to loan; to rent out; to hire out
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
golden; gold-colored; gold-coloured; honey-colour
to blow (of the wind); to blow (one's breath); to breathe out; to play (a wind instrument); to blow (a whistle, trumpet, etc.); to emit (smoke, fire, etc.); to spout
change; alteration; substitute; rate of exchange
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
high priest; highly-ranked priest; virtuous priest; priest of great sanctity and learning
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
happy event; cause for celebration; congratulations
when it becomes; when it comes to
Genki era (1570.4.23-1573.7.28)
first year (of an imperial era); year something (important) first happened or began
November; eleventh month of the lunar calendar
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
Enryaku era (782.8.19-806.5.18)
assistance; help; aid; support; reinforcement
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
to encamp; to take up a position
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more