sagacity; wisdom; intelligence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to ask (humbly); to request (humbly)
to run away; to flee; to avoid (a question, responsibility, etc.); to evade; to win without being overtaken; to hold off the other contenders (until the finish)
Genki era (1570.4.23-1573.7.28)
first year (of an imperial era); year something (important) first happened or began
April; fourth month in the lunar calendar
to lead; to spearhead (a group); to command (troops)
military forces; army; troops; number of soldiers
Echizen (former province located in parts of present-day Fukui and Gifu prefectures)
gold (metal); gold (color); gold (medal); first place (prize); something of great value; something golden (e.g. silence); money
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
small peninsula; cape; promontory; headland
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
imperial capital (esp. Kyoto); final word of an iroha poem; 10^16; 10,000,000,000,000,000
to scurry home; to run home; to fly back
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
defeat; loss; reverse; setback
Settsu (former province located in the northern and central parts of present-day Osaka and the southeast of Hyogo prefectures)
clear weather; fine weather; formal; ceremonial; cleared of suspicion
gate; branch of learning based on the teachings of a single master; school; phylum; division; counter for cannons
later on; eventually; afterwards
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
greeting; a fine thing to say
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to go; to come; to lose; to be defeated; to be stumped (by); to be at a loss; to visit (a shrine, grave, etc.)
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that ...
war; battle; campaign; (arch.) troops; (arch.) forces
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
beforehand; in advance; ahead of time; previously
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
public affairs; the court; the shogun; the shogunate
order (from one's superior); command; what you say; (someone's) words
reason; circumstances; grounds; because of; due to; as a result of
like; as; so that; in order that; be sure to; I hope (that)
inviting another to one's home, office, etc.; (lit.) the trouble of coming (going)
to desire; to wish; to beg; to request; to have something done for oneself
depending on; as soon as; immediately after; as (e.g. "as one is told", "as one wishes"); whatever (e.g. "whatever is at hand"); order; program
(common) soldier; rank and file; army; troops; warfare; strategy