"yoiyasa"; doo-doo-doo; dum-dum-dum; heave-ho; oof; ugh
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
abode (of a nobleman or emperor); Imperial chamber
castle (in place names); castle; fortress
castle construction; building a castle; fortification
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to advance (spatially); to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to move ahead (e.g. of work); to intensify
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
neighbourhood; neighborhood; vicinity
countries; (various) nations
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to gather up; to scrape up together; to rake
imperial capital (esp. Kyoto); final word of an iroha poem; 10^16; 10,000,000,000,000,000
notable; important; chief; valuable; conspicuous; outstanding
residence; estate; grounds; premises; mansion
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
furnishings; implements; equipment
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
to hold out; to extend (e.g. a hand); to present; to submit; to sacrifice; to give (up)
oneself; oneself; for oneself; personally
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to stand (up); to rise; to stand (in a position; of a person, tree, building, etc.); to be situated (in, on); to be (in difficulties, the lead, etc.); to put oneself (in a position or situation); to leave (to do something)
to advance construction; to proceed with construction
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
stone; rock; jewel; precious stone; flint (in a lighter); (round) game piece
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
magistrate; shogunate administrator
eastern mountains; mountains to the east; Tōsandō (area between the Tōkaidō and Hokurikudō); Higashiyama (Kyoto district)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
riding ground; racecourse; racetrack
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
cherry tree; cherry blossom; light pink; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder
wanting (to have); desiring; wishing for; I want (you, them, etc.) to (do)
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
old tree of historical interest; excellent wood; precious woods; choice wood
won't; hasn't; isn't; won't you