indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
honorific/polite/humble prefix
samurai general (esp. during the Sengoku period)
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
war; battle; campaign; (arch.) troops; (arch.) forces
Mino (former province located in the south of present-day Gifu Prefecture)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
all present; all concerned; all of us
to step back; to move back; to withdraw (from the presence of a superior); to leave; to resign; to retire
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
large; big; older; senior; final; ultimate
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
in that way; thus; so; so?
structure; construction; posture (e.g. in martial arts); pose; readiness; determination
adds force or indicates command
that way; that direction; there; that (one); you; your family
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
body; oneself; one's place; one's position; main part; meat (as opposed to bone, skin, etc.)
to fire (gun, arrow, questions, etc.); to shoot; to set free; to release; to emit (e.g. light); to give off (e.g. a scent)
to say; to be called; to do
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
(common) soldier; rank and file; army; troops; warfare; strategy
together with; same; both; all; including ...