to take lessons in; to be taught; to learn (from a teacher); to study (under a teacher); to get training in
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
in this way; thus; such; uh...
(practical) application; putting to practical use; applied
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
mountain villa; mountain retreat; mountain cottage
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
head (of a household, etc.); leader; owner; proprietor; subject (of a rumour, etc.); doer (of a deed); guardian spirit (e.g. long-resident beast, usu. with mystical powers)
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
Heisei era (1989.1.8-2019.4.30)
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
until now; so far; up to the present
trouble (I have put you through); (your) hard work; thank you for your hard work; I appreciate your efforts
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
right arm; right-hand man; right hand; right-handed pitcher
until then; till then; to that extent; the end of it; all there is to it
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
arrest; apprehension; capture
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
trial; judgement; judgment
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
rumour; rumor; report; hearsay; gossip; common talk
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
root (of a plant); root (of a tooth, hair, etc.); center (of a pimple, etc.); root (of all evil, etc.); source; one's true nature
through; throughout; in the course of; all over or throughout (e.g. a place)
to turn; to revolve; to visit several places; to function well; to pass a certain time
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
wood; woods; forest; bunch (of something); cluster; line
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
armpit; under one's arm; beside; close to; aside; to the side; off-track
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to