truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
chief (of police); head (of office)
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
suffix for familiar person
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
100,000; hundred thousand
yen (Japanese monetary unit); circle
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to steal; to plagiarize; to steal (a technique, idea, etc.); to do stealthily; to do during scant time; to steal a base
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to determine (esp. a culprit or underlying cause); to pin down; to ascertain; (arch.) to stab to death
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
residence; stay; (job) posting; residential police box; residential police box officer
to apologize; to apologise
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
investigation (e.g. by police or prosecutors); examination; inquiry; enquiry
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
innocence; guiltlessness; absence of the fact; insubstantiality; (arch.) insincerity; (arch.) dishonesty
immediately; as soon as possible; as quickly as possible
proof; testimony; demonstration; verification; certification
(police) detective; criminal matter
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
I'm sorry; (it's) inexcusable; I feel regretful; thank you very much (for help, etc.)
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already