imitation; fake; phony; pseudo-
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
nobleman's illegitimate child
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
(Meiji era) official responsible for court ceremonies
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to disclose; to divulge; to expose; to open (a grave); to dig out
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
pity; sorrow; pitiable; pitiful; alack; alas
last days; the end; one's fate
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to go out to meet; to receive; to call for; to summon; to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family); to take (e.g. a wife)
bitter (taste); sour (expression, look); bitter; bitter (e.g. experience); painful
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more
stillness; quiet; peacefulness
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
dark; gloomy; depressed; dispirited; dark (in colour); dull; ill-boding
wherein; therein; thereinto
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
aim (of a gun, bow, etc.); aim; object; objective
to decide; to determine; to establish; to lay down; to bring peace (to); to make peaceful
crow (Corvus spp.); raven
cry (of an animal); call; chirp; song; caw; roar
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
round coin with a (square) hole in the center; coin made of non-precious materials; money
to ring; to sound; to be popular; to be esteemed; to state; to insist
sound; noise; (musical) note; fame
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to have come; to be here; to be popular; to be fashionable; to be angry; to have blown one's lid
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
to run away; to flee; to avoid (a question, responsibility, etc.); to evade; to win without being overtaken; to hold off the other contenders (until the finish)
hmm; well ...; humph; roughly; harshly; violently
to steal; to plagiarize; to steal (a technique, idea, etc.); to do stealthily; to do during scant time; to steal a base
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead