indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
here I am; I'm home!; presently; right away; right now
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to resign; to retire; to quit; to leave (one's job, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
contacting; (making) contact; connection (with a train, bus, etc.); joining (a railway line, etc.); connection (between matters, incidents, etc.); relation
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
notice of resignation; (one's) resignation; resignation notice
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
betrayer; traitor; turncoat; informer
unthinkable; unexpected; absolutely not!; far from it!; (it was) no bother at all; not at all
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
postman; mailman; letter carrier; mail carrier
it's not like; it isn't as if
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
noisy; loud; annoying; troublesome; fussy; finicky
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
projecting part (of a headland, etc.); moment of departure; (on the) point of going out; outset; start
to sprain; to twist; to dampen (enthusiasm); to discourage; to dishearten
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
dangerous; risky; in danger; in jeopardy; uncertain; unreliable
there's no (other) way; cannot be helped; unavoidable; it's no use (doing); pointless; hopeless (person)
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?