indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
horn; alarm; whistle; foghorn
to take home; to carry home; to bring back home; to take out (e.g. food)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
ordinary; common; free of charge; free; unaffected; as is
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
meaning; significance; sense
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
degree; amount; grade; standard; of the order of (following a number); about
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
how much; how many; to what extent; oh my god; how; what the
time; hour; period; class
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
group; party; team; squad; section
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be fit (for a role); to be qualified (for); to be equal (to a task); to be able to fulfill one's duties (as)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you; you shouldn't have; it's too much
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
to finish; to end; to have a result less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
thank you; thanks; much (thanks); very (sorry); quite; really; somehow
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
way (of doing); manner; method; means
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
old; aged; long; since long ago; of the distant past; long-ago
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?