at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to suffer; to groan; to be worried
comparatively; relatively; unexpectedly; unusually; considering; for one's ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
to turn one's head; to look over one's shoulder; to turn around; to think back (on); to reminisce; to look back (on)
Central League (Japanese baseball league)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
order; rank; position (e.g. in a race); precedence
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
result; consequence; coming to fruition; bearing fruit; as a result; consequently
by means of; due to; because of; according to
Hiroshima (city, prefecture)
overall victory; championship
extinction; extinguishment; disappearance; annihilation
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
Ming dynasty (China, 1368-1644)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
to follow; to come along with one; to accompany
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to be lucky; to be in luck; to be attached; to have; to be included
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
that way; that direction; there; that (one); you; your family
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
in that way; thus; so; so?
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
reason; significance; cause; piece of information that one has heard; I hear that ...; it is said that ...
ratio; proportion; match; equal; explicit comparison (style of the Shi Jing); Philippines
let me see; well; errr ...; uhh ...
presence (e.g. of an observer); observation; observer; trading session (at an exchange)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
good; OK; all right; fine; very well; will do