Edo (shogunate capital, now Tokyo); Yedo
river; stream; River; the ... river
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
taking care of one's health; recuperation; covering (with a protective material); coating; curing (concrete)
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
the Kyōhō Reforms (1736 economic reforms)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
poor; needy; lacking (quantity and quality-wise); poor; scanty
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
chief; head (of an office, of a laboratory)
appearing for the first time (esp. vocabulary, kanji, etc. in a school textbook)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
cruel; heartless; violent; intense; very bad; terrible
heat; fever; temperature; zeal; passion
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
chill; the shivers; shivering fit; cold; coldness; cold air
since when; from when; how long
tenth day of the month; ten days
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
(common) cold; influenza; flu; ague; inflammatory respiratory system illness (in general)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to aggravate; to complicate; to make worse
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
so; like this; in this way
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to leave alone; to leave as is; to ignore; to neglect
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few